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Baal, bā′-ăl, Heb. Bāăl, plural Bā′-ăl-ĭm, “lord,” “master,” “possessor,” “owner.”
worshipped. Num. 22:4141And it came to pass on the morrow, that Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal, that thence he might see the utmost part of the people. (Numbers 22:41); Judg. 2:13; 8:3313And they forsook the Lord, and served Baal and Ashtaroth. (Judges 2:13)
33And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and made Baal-berith their god. (Judges 8:33); 1 Kings 16:32; 18:2632And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. (1 Kings 16:32)
26And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made. (1 Kings 18:26); 2 Kings 17:16; 19:18; 21:316And they left all the commandments of the Lord their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. (2 Kings 17:16)
18And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them. (2 Kings 19:18)
3For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as did Ahab king of Israel; and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them. (2 Kings 21:3); Jer. 2:8; 7:9; 12:16; 19:5; 23:138The priests said not, Where is the Lord? and they that handle the law knew me not: the pastors also transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and walked after things that do not profit. (Jeremiah 2:8)
9Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense unto Baal, and walk after other gods whom ye know not; (Jeremiah 7:9)
16And it shall come to pass, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, The Lord liveth; as they taught my people to swear by Baal; then shall they be built in the midst of my people. (Jeremiah 12:16)
5They have built also the high places of Baal, to burn their sons with fire for burnt offerings unto Baal, which I commanded not, nor spake it, neither came it into my mind: (Jeremiah 19:5)
13And I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria; they prophesied in Baal, and caused my people Israel to err. (Jeremiah 23:13); Hos. 2:8; 13:18For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal. (Hosea 2:8)
1When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died. (Hosea 13:1), etc.
Baalath, bā′-ă-lăth; same as preceding. Josh. 19:4444And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath, (Joshua 19:44).
Baalism; the worship of Baal, everywhere present when Israel entered Canaan.
Baanah, bā′-ă-năh; (same as BAANA); and Rechab.
Babylon, băb′-y̆-lo̲n, Greek form of Bab-ilu, “the gate of God.”
Jewish captivity there. 2 Kings 25; 2 Chron. 36; Jer. 39; 52.
return from. Ezra 1; Neh. 2.
Babylonia; Assyria; By Babylonia (the plain of Shiner, Gen. 10:1010And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. (Genesis 10:10)) is meant the great alluvial district of the lower Euphrates and Tigris, which extends from about 30° to 33° N. latitude. Owing probably to the great fertility of its soil, it was from prehistoric times a populous region, and it is now known to have been, with its great capital Babylon, the cradle of the civilization of western Asia. Assyria lies further to the north, to the east of the Tigris, from about 35°-37° N. latitude, above the confluence of the Tigris and its tributary, the river Zab. In Gen. 10:88And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. (Genesis 10:8), it is said that Nimrod the Babylonian built the Assyrian capital Nineveh, and modern researches do at least show that the civilization of the northern was derived from that of the southern district. The language of both these regions was Semitic: i.e., the races inhabiting them belonged to the same division of the human race as the Hebrews, but the monuments prove that Babylonia was at a remote period peopled by a non-Semitic race (the Sumerian), from which the cuneiform (wedge-shaped) writing of the extant monuments was derived.
During the nineteenth century a world of new knowledge was opened up by the excavation of ancient sites in Assyria and Babylonia, and by the almost miraculous decipherment of the vast stores of cuneiform documents there discovered. One single site, that of Nippur, excavated by the expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, yielded over 20,000 inscriptions and some 25,000 clay tablets.
The cuneiform literature, notably the tablets found in the library of Assur-bani-pal at Nineveh, throws a remarkable light on the early chapters of Genesis. The Babylonian mythology, we learn, contained an account of creation which, like that of the Hebrews, was divided into seven stages; it contained also the story of a deluge from which one family was saved by an ark, which they did not leave until a dove, a swallow, and a raven had been sent out to see whether they could find dry land. These Babylonian legends contain many rude polytheistic elements, and their moral tone contrasts markedly with that of the narratives in Genesis, but there can be little doubt that in them we have the sources from which the Hebrew cosmogony was derived. (For a detailed account see Sayce, Flesh Light From the Ancient Monuments, or Ryle, Early Narratives of Genesis.)
The oldest historical record by which the cuneiform literature illustrates the Old Testament history is that relating to the Babylonian king Chammu-rabi (perhaps about 1900 B.C.), who consolidated North and South Babylonia into one kingdom, by overcoming Eri-aku of Larsa. Some scholars identify these rulers with Amraphel of Shiner and Arioch of Ellasar (Gen. 14:1-161And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations; 2That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar. 3All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is the salt sea. 4Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 5And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 6And the Horites in their mount Seir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilderness. 7And they returned, and came to En-mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar. 8And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar;) and they joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim; 9With Chedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with Tidal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings with five. 10And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled to the mountain. 11And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way. 12And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. 13And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. 14And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan. 15And he divided himself against them, he and his servants, by night, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. 16And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people. (Genesis 14:1‑16)), who with Chedorlaomer of Elam and Tidal of Goiim were overthrown by Abraham on their return from an expedition against the cities of the Dead Sea, but the identification is not undisputed.
Assyria and Israel. The rise of the Assyrian Empire belongs to the fifteenth and following centuries B.C. Before that time Babylonia had been of relatively greater importance, but a remarkable series of tablets unearthed at Tell-el-Amarna in Egypt proves that by about 1430 B.C. Assyria had become so predominant that the Assyro-Babylonian language and writing were used even in Egypt as the medium of diplomatic correspondence.
In the twelfth century the sway of the Assyrian Tiglath-Pileser I extended as far west as the Phoenician coast: during the two following centuries internal weakness hindered the expansion of the Assyrian empire, and room was left for the growth of the Syrian kingdom and of that of Israel. But in the ninth century the Assyrians began to move southward: it is even possible that Omri, king of Israel, was made tributary to them. Certainly in 854 B.C. Shalmaneser II overthrew a coalition in which Syria and Israel took a part, and in 842 The same king took tribute from Jehu. From this time onward the policy of Assyria was a continual menace to Israel and. Judah, to whom the intermediate state of Syria proved an ineffectual bulwark. A revolt of Syria and Israel in 734 B.C. only led to the fall of Damascus, the deportation of the people of Gilead and Naphtali and the subjection of Judah to Assyria. Israel now began to look toward Egypt for help, but in vain. Samaria, besieged in 725 by Shalmaneser IV, was taken in 722 by Sargon, who also defeated an Egyptian army at Raphia in 720. The northern kingdom now disappeared from history, and the time of Judah was short. A revolt of the Babylonian Merodaeh-Baladan against Assyria (721-710) led Hezekiah to hope for deliverance from that quarter: the prophet Isaiah, however, succeeded in proving to the king the folly of attempting to revolt, and of seeking help from Egypt. But in 702 Hezekiah, with other Palestinian kings, refused to pay tribute: and when Sennacherib came south for vengeance, only a sudden catastrophe averted from Jerusalem a doom that seemed inevitable (701).
From this point the Assyrians begin to disappear from Biblical history. They conquered Egypt at the beginning of the seventh century, but soon lost it again: and at the end of that century the Medes and Babylonians overthrew their empire and destroyed Nineveh (607). The Syrian and Palestinian part of the Assyrian empire was not left to the Babylonians in undisputed possession. Pharaoh Necho of Egypt marched northward to claim it, but after having overcome the ineffectual resistance of Josiah at Megiddo was defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar the Chaldæan (605). Josiah’s successor Jehoiakim wavered between the Chaldæans and the Egyptians: but in 597 Jerusalem was taken by Nebuchadnezzar: Jehoiakim’s son and successor Jehoiachin was carried off to Babylon with nearly the whole population of the city.
The new Babylonian empire was of short duration. Nebuchadnezzar had time to make Babylon one of the world’s wonders, but his successors achieved nothing: and in 538 Cyrus the Elamite, who had already overthrown the Medes and created an empire extending from the Caspian to the Persian Gulf, and from the Indus to the Mediterranean, entered Babylon as a conqueror, and the ancient Semitic empire gave place to that of Persia.
Baca, bā′-că, “weeping” or “balsam-tree”; valley of misery. Psa. 84:66Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well; the rain also filleth the pools. (Psalm 84:6).
Israel, Ex. 32; Isa. 1; Jer. 2:19; 3:619Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy backslidings shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that it is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God, and that my fear is not in thee, saith the Lord God of hosts. (Jeremiah 2:19)
6The Lord said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot. (Jeremiah 3:6), Jer. 11:66Then the Lord said unto me, Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, Hear ye the words of this covenant, and do them. (Jeremiah 11:6); Jer. 12:66For even thy brethren, and the house of thy father, even they have dealt treacherously with thee; yea, they have called a multitude after thee: believe them not, though they speak fair words unto thee. (Jeremiah 12:6); Jer. 14:66And the wild asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up the wind like dragons; their eyes did fail, because there was no grass. (Jeremiah 14:6); Jer. 22:66For thus saith the Lord unto the king's house of Judah; Thou art Gilead unto me, and the head of Lebanon: yet surely I will make thee a wilderness, and cities which are not inhabited. (Jeremiah 22:6); Hos. 4:16; 11:716For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the Lord will feed them as a lamb in a large place. (Hosea 4:16)
7And my people are bent to backsliding from me: though they called them to the most High, none at all would exalt him. (Hosea 11:7).
Bad. Gen. 24:50; 31:24,2950Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, The thing proceedeth from the Lord: we cannot speak unto thee bad or good. (Genesis 24:50)
24And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said unto him, Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. (Genesis 31:24)
29It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. (Genesis 31:29); Lev. 27:12,14,3312And the priest shall value it, whether it be good or bad: as thou valuest it, who art the priest, so shall it be. (Leviticus 27:12)
14And when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the Lord, then the priest shall estimate it, whether it be good or bad: as the priest shall estimate it, so shall it stand. (Leviticus 27:14)
33He shall not search whether it be good or bad, neither shall he change it: and if he change it at all, then both it and the change thereof shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed. (Leviticus 27:33); Num. 13:19; 24:1319And what the land is that they dwell in, whether it be good or bad; and what cities they be that they dwell in, whether in tents, or in strong holds; (Numbers 13:19)
13If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the Lord, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; but what the Lord saith, that will I speak? (Numbers 24:13); 2 Sam. 13:22; 14:1722And Absalom spake unto his brother Amnon neither good nor bad: for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar. (2 Samuel 13:22)
17Then thine handmaid said, The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable: for as an angel of God, so is my lord the king to discern good and bad: therefore the Lord thy God will be with thee. (2 Samuel 14:17); 1 Kings 3:99Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people? (1 Kings 3:9); Matt. 22:1010So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was furnished with guests. (Matthew 22:10); 2 Cor. 5:1010For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad. (2 Corinthians 5:10): good or b.
Badgers’ skins, Badger is used only of the skin from which the outer covering for the tabernacle, etc., was made. Ex. 25:55And rams' skins dyed red, and badgers' skins, and shittim wood, (Exodus 25:5). R.V. sealskins.
Baharumite, bā-hă-rû′-mīte; an inhabitant of Bahurim. 1 Chron. 11:3333Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, (1 Chronicles 11:33).
his wicked counsel. Num. 31:1616Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the Lord in the matter of Peor, and there was a plague among the congregation of the Lord. (Numbers 31:16); Deut. 23:44Because they met you not with bread and with water in the way, when ye came forth out of Egypt; and because they hired against thee Balaam the son of Beor of Pethor of Mesopotamia, to curse thee. (Deuteronomy 23:4). See Josh. 24:99Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you: (Joshua 24:9); Judg. 11:2525And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them, (Judges 11:25); Mic. 6:55O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim unto Gilgal; that ye may know the righteousness of the Lord. (Micah 6:5); 2 Peter 2:1515Which have forsaken the right way, and are gone astray, following the way of Balaam the son of Bosor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness; (2 Peter 2:15); Jude 1111Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core. (Jude 11); Rev. 2:1414But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication. (Revelation 2:14).
Balm; Balsam; Heb. Tzŏrî; Gk. ῥητίνη; Bot. N. Balsamodendron Gileadense. There is little doubt that the balm of Scripture was the aromatic resin which flows from the trunks of the species of Balsamodendron which grow in southern Syria and northeast Africa.
Band; of soldiers. This was the Roman cohort, the tenth part of a legion. It consisted nominally of six hundred men under the command of six centurions. Usually it numbered from 400 to 600. The Augustan band, Acts 27:11And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus' band. (Acts 27:1); the Italian band, Acts 10:11There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band, (Acts 10:1)= a cohort raised in Italy for service abroad.
Baptism; A sacrament or symbolic rite of universal obligation, instituted by our Lord as a means of admission into the Christian Church; practiced by John the Baptist as a sign of repentance. Metaphorically (Mark 10:3838But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with? (Mark 10:38); Luke 12:5050But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened till it be accomplished! (Luke 12:50)) of an overwhelming by sorrow.
its signification. Acts 2:38; 19:4; 22:1638Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. (Acts 2:38)
4Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus. (Acts 19:4)
16And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord. (Acts 22:16); Rom. 6:33Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? (Romans 6:3); 1 Cor. 10:2; 12:13; 15:292And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; (1 Corinthians 10:2)
13For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit. (1 Corinthians 12:13)
29Else what shall they do which are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? why are they then baptized for the dead? (1 Corinthians 15:29); Gal. 3:2727For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. (Galatians 3:27); Col. 2:1212Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead. (Colossians 2:12); Titus 3:55Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; (Titus 3:5); 1 Peter 3:2121The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ: (1 Peter 3:21).
Barley; Heb. Sĕôrah; Gk. κριθαί; Bot. N. Hordeum distichum, and other varieties. The common food in Palestine of men, horses, asses and draught oxen.
Manoah’s wife, Judg. 13.
Hannah, 1 Sam. 1.
Barsabas, bär′-să-băs, “son of Seba.”
God’s message to. Jer. 45.
Base (adj.); lowly, humble.
Basket; Baskets were of various kinds and sizes:
(2) A light open wicker basket, used for carrying food upon the head. This Pharaoh’s chief baker carried (Gen. 40:1717And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. (Genesis 40:17)).
(3) A market-basket, such as that in which the lad was hawking the barley loaves and fishes.
(5) A larger and stronger kind (σαργάνη), used for hoisting supplies up to the battlements of a besieged city. It was in one of these that Paul was lowered down from the walls of Damascus (2 Cor. 11:3333And through a window in a basket was I let down by the wall, and escaped his hands. (2 Corinthians 11:33)).
Bath; the unit of Liquid Measures, as Ephah is of the Dry Ephah = Greek Metretes = about 9 gallons (8 gal., 5.12 Pts.) = the “firkin” of John 2:66And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. (John 2:6). See MEASURES.
Bath; Among the Hebrews bathing was practiced as a religious rite for the removal of ceremonial pollution (Lev. 15:5,16-28; 17:165And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. (Leviticus 15:5)
16And if any man's seed of copulation go out from him, then he shall wash all his flesh in water, and be unclean until the even. 17And every garment, and every skin, whereon is the seed of copulation, shall be washed with water, and be unclean until the even. 18The woman also with whom man shall lie with seed of copulation, they shall both bathe themselves in water, and be unclean until the even. 19And if a woman have an issue, and her issue in her flesh be blood, she shall be put apart seven days: and whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until the even. 20And every thing that she lieth upon in her separation shall be unclean: every thing also that she sitteth upon shall be unclean. 21And whosoever toucheth her bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. 22And whosoever toucheth any thing that she sat upon shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. 23And if it be on her bed, or on any thing whereon she sitteth, when he toucheth it, he shall be unclean until the even. 24And if any man lie with her at all, and her flowers be upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and all the bed whereon he lieth shall be unclean. 25And if a woman have an issue of her blood many days out of the time of her separation, or if it run beyond the time of her separation; all the days of the issue of her uncleanness shall be as the days of her separation: she shall be unclean. 26Every bed whereon she lieth all the days of her issue shall be unto her as the bed of her separation: and whatsoever she sitteth upon shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her separation. 27And whosoever toucheth those things shall be unclean, and shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. 28But if she be cleansed of her issue, then she shall number to herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean. (Leviticus 15:16‑28)
16But if he wash them not, nor bathe his flesh; then he shall bear his iniquity. (Leviticus 17:16); Num. 19:77Then the priest shall wash his clothes, and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp, and the priest shall be unclean until the even. (Numbers 19:7); Ruth 3:33Wash thyself therefore, and anoint thee, and put thy raiment upon thee, and get thee down to the floor: but make not thyself known unto the man, until he shall have done eating and drinking. (Ruth 3:3); 2 Sam. 12:2020Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the Lord, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat. (2 Samuel 12:20)). The high priest bathed at his inauguration (Lev. 8:66And Moses brought Aaron and his sons, and washed them with water. (Leviticus 8:6)), and on the Day of Atonement (Lev. 16:4,244He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on. (Leviticus 16:4)
24And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people. (Leviticus 16:24)).
wife of Uriah, taken by David. 2 Sam. 11; 12.
Bay Tree. Psa. 37:3535I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree. (Psalm 37:35). Heb. Ezraḥ native; Gk. κέδρος τοȗ Διβάνου. R.V. “green tree in its native soil”; not any particular tree.
Bdellium. Gen. 2:1212And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. (Genesis 2:12). Heb. Bĕdôlaḥ; Gk. ἄνθραξ. Some suppose it to be the gum of a Balsamodendron (see BALM); others, a precious stone.
Bealoth, bĕ-ā′-lōth; plural of BAALAH. Josh. 15:2424Ziph, and Telem, and Bealoth, (Joshua 15:24).
Bear (n.); Heb. Dôb; Gk. ἄρκτος.
Ex. 20:1616Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. (Exodus 20:16); 1 Kings 21:1010And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die. (1 Kings 21:10); Luke 11:4848Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers: for they indeed killed them, and ye build their sepulchres. (Luke 11:48); John 1:7; 5:31; 8:18; 15:277The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe. (John 1:7)
31If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. (John 5:31)
18I am one that bear witness of myself, and the Father that sent me beareth witness of me. (John 8:18)
27And ye also shall bear witness, because ye have been with me from the beginning. (John 15:27); Acts 23:1111And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome. (Acts 23:11); Rom. 8:1616The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God: (Romans 8:16); 1 John 1:2; 5:82(For the life was manifested, and we have seen it, and bear witness, and show unto you that eternal life, which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;) (1 John 1:2)
8And there are three that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one. (1 John 5:8): b. witness.
Daniel’s vision of, Dan. 7.
Bed; The word bed, wherever used in the Bible, must be understood to refer only to the mattress on which people slept. It resembled a very thick quilt. It was one of these little mattresses which our Lord bade the palsied man roll up and carry to his home (Matt. 9:66But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (then saith he to the sick of the palsy,) Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thine house. (Matthew 9:6); Mark 2:99Whether is it easier to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Arise, and take up thy bed, and walk? (Mark 2:9); John 5:1111He answered them, He that made me whole, the same said unto me, Take up thy bed, and walk. (John 5:11)). Bedsteads are still generally unknown in the East.
Bedeiah, bĕ-dei′-ăh, “servant of Jehovah” (?); Ezra 10:3535Benaiah, Bedeiah, Chelluh, (Ezra 10:35).
Beeliada, bee-lī′-ă-dă, “Baal has known”; 1 Chron. 14:77And Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphalet. (1 Chronicles 14:7).
Beer-lahai-roi, beer–lā′-hai–roi, “well of the living One who seeth me”; Gen. 16:1414Wherefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi; behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. (Genesis 16:14).
(2) (Hab. 2:1111For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it. (Habakkuk 2:11)) Heb. Ḥâphîs; Gk. κάνθαρος. Bochart renders it “scarabæus” or sacred beetle of Egypt. Gesenius and others agree with the A.V., and translate it “beam.” So R.V. More than 400 species of beetles have been found in Palestine.
slays Adonijah, Joab, and Shimei. 1 Kings 2:25-4625And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died. 26And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord God before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted. 27So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the Lord; that he might fulfil the word of the Lord, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh. 28Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the Lord, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. 29And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the Lord; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him. 30And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the Lord, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me. 31And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father. 32And the Lord shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah. 33Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the Lord. 34So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness. 35And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar. 36And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither. 37For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head. 38And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days. 39And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath. 40And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath. 41And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again. 42And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the Lord, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good. 43Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the Lord, and the commandment that I have charged thee with? 44The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head; 45And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the Lord for ever. 46So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon. (1 Kings 2:25‑46).
Bene-berak, bĕn′-ë–bē′-răk, “sons of Barak” or ;of lightning.’; Josh. 19:4545And Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon, (Joshua 19:45).
Bene-jaakan, bĕn′-ë–jā′-ă-kăn, “sons of Jaakan”; Num. 33:3131And they departed from Moseroth, and pitched in Bene-jaakan. (Numbers 33:31).
Ben-hadad, bĕn–hā′-dăd, “son of Hadad”; Kings of Syria.
Beninu, bĕ-nī′-nû, “our son”; Neh. 10:1313Hodijah, Bani, Beninu. (Nehemiah 10:13).
Joseph’s stratagem to detain. Gen. 44.
their wickedness chastised. Judg. 20; 21.
the first king chosen from. 1 Sam. 9; 10.
Beor, bē′-ôr, “burning.”
Berachah, bĕ-rā′-chăh, “blessing.”
Beraiah, bĕ-rai′-ăh, “Jehovah hath created”; 1 Chron. 21.
Berea, bĕ-rē′-ă; see BERŒA.
Berechiah, bĕr-ē-chī′-ăh; same as BERACHIAH.
(1) 1 Chron. 16.
Beryl. Gen. 2:1212And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. (Genesis 2:12); Ex. 28:2020And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings. (Exodus 28:20). Heb. Shôham; Gk. βηρύλλιον; A.V. and R.V. onyx; R.V. marg. beryl. By some shôham is thought to be the onyx; by others, the aquamarine, turquoise, or also amazon-stone (a kind of felspar). For the stone translated “beryl” in Exodus, see CHRYSOLITE.
Bethabara, bĕth-ăb′-ă-ră, “house of passage”; place where John baptized. John 1:2828These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing. (John 1:28). R.V. Bethany.
Beth-aven, bĕth–ā′-vĕn, “house of vanity” (i.e., of idols).
Beth-azmaveth, bĕth–ăz-mā′-vĕth, “house of the strength of death”; Neh. 7:2828The men of Beth-azmaveth, forty and two. (Nehemiah 7:28).
Beth-baal-meon, bĕth–bā′-ăl–mē′-o̲n, “house. of Baal-meon.”
Beth-diblathaim, bĕth–dĭb-lă-thā′-ĭm, “house of the two cakes” i.e., of figs. Jer. 48:2222And upon Dibon, and upon Nebo, and upon Beth-diblathaim, (Jeremiah 48:22).
Beth-eden, bĕth–ē′-dĕn, “house of Eden.”
Bethesda, bĕth-ĕṡ′-dă, “house of mercy”; pool of, at Jerusalem, almost certainly identified with a twin-pool discovered in 1888, about 160 yards northwest of St. Stephen’s Gate. Miracles wrought at. John 5:22Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool, which is called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda, having five porches. (John 5:2).
Beth-gamul, bĕth–găm′-ŭl, “house of the weaned” or “recompense”; Jer. 48:2323And upon Kiriathaim, and upon Beth-gamul, and upon Beth-meon, (Jeremiah 48:23).
Beth-haccerem, bĕth–hăc′-cĕ-rĕm, “house of the vineyard.”
Beth-lebaoth, bĕth–lĕ-bā′-ōth, “house of lionesses”; Josh. 19:66And Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages: (Joshua 19:6).
Beth-marcaboth, bĕth–mär′-că-bōth, “house of chariots”; Josh. 19:55And Ziklag, and Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susah, (Joshua 19:5).
Beth-palet, bĕth–pā′-lĕt, “house of escape” or “of Pelet”; Josh. 15:2727And Hazar-gaddah, and Heshmon, and Beth-palet, (Joshua 15:27).
Beth-pazzez, bĕth–păz′-zĕz, “house of dispersion”; Josh. 19:2121And Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez; (Joshua 19:21).
Beth-peor, bĕth–pē′-ôr, “temple of Peor”; Deut. 3:2929So we abode in the valley over against Beth-peor. (Deuteronomy 3:29).
Beth-phelet, bĕth′–phĕ-lĕt; same as BETH-PALET. Neh. 11:2626And at Jeshua, and at Moladah, and at Beth-phelet, (Nehemiah 11:26).
Bethsaida, bĕth-sā′-ĭ-dă, “house of fishing”; Two towns were probably so called, situated near the head of the Sea of Galilee, deriving their name from the great shoals of fish attracted thither by the hot springs. They were probably separated only by the river Jordan. native place of Philip, Peter, and Andrew. Mark 6:4545And straightway he constrained his disciples to get into the ship, and to go to the other side before unto Bethsaida, while he sent away the people. (Mark 6:45); John 1:44; 12:2144Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. (John 1:44)
21The same came therefore to Philip, which was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. (John 12:21).
Beth-shemesh, bĕth–shē′-mĕsh, “temple of the sun.”
Beth-tappuah, bĕth–tăp′-pū-ăh, “house of apples”; Josh. 15:5353And Janum, and Beth-tappuah, and Aphekah, (Joshua 15:53).
Bethul, bĕth′-ŭl; same as BETH-EL (?). Josh. 19:44And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, (Joshua 19:4).
Beth-zur, bĕth′–zu̇r, “house of rock”; Josh. 15:5858Halhul, Beth-zur, and Gedor, (Joshua 15:58).
Bezaleel, bĕz′-ă-leel, “in the shadow of God”; Constructs the tabernacle. Ex. 31:2; 35:302See, I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah: (Exodus 31:2)
30And Moses said unto the children of Israel, See, the Lord hath called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah; (Exodus 35:30); Ex. 36:30-3830And there were eight boards; and their sockets were sixteen sockets of silver, under every board two sockets. 31And he made bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle, 32And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the tabernacle for the sides westward. 33And he made the middle bar to shoot through the boards from the one end to the other. 34And he overlaid the boards with gold, and made their rings of gold to be places for the bars, and overlaid the bars with gold. 35And he made a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: with cherubims made he it of cunning work. 36And he made thereunto four pillars of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold: their hooks were of gold; and he cast for them four sockets of silver. 37And he made an hanging for the tabernacle door of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework; 38And the five pillars of it with their hooks: and he overlaid their chapiters and their fillets with gold: but their five sockets were of brass. (Exodus 36:30‑38).
Bezer, bē′-zĕr, “fortress.”
Bible, Facts Concerning; The first complete translation of the whole Bible into English was made by John Wycliffe, A.D. 1380-1382.
The first book ever printed was the Bible. The first Bible was printed between the years 1450 and 1455, at Mentz, by Guttenberg, the reputed inventor of printing. First New Testament printed in English was that of William Tyndale, A.D. 1525-1526. First Bible printed in English was Miles Coverdale’s, A.D. 1535.
The Old Testament was divided into chapters, as they now stand, by Cardinal Hugo, in the middle of the thirteenth century. These chapters were divided into verses, as we now have them, by Rabbi Nathan, and adopted by Robert Stephens, a French printer, in his edition of the Vulgate, in 1555, and transferred to the Authorized Version in 1611. The authorized version of the Bible was “set forth” in the year 1611.
The Revised Version of the English Bible was begun in England June 22, 1870, and in America October 4, 1872. The Revised New Testament was published in May, 1881; the Revised Old Testament in May, 1885.
Bible, Names of. 1. The Bible. “Biblos” was the name given to the inner bark of the papyrus, which was used as we now use writing-paper. Hence the papyrus when written upon came to be called Bibles, and from the word Biblion, a papyrus roll, comes our word Bible.
2. The Scriptures. The term simply means “The Writings” from the Latin scribers, to write.
3. The Law and The Law and the Prophets. The first name expresses the fact that the Bible contains God’s law to man, and the second that conjoined with the law were prophecies concerning times to come.
4. The Oracles. The word signifies things spoken, from the Latin, orare, to speak. Many things in the Bible have a “Thus saith the Lord” before them.
5. The Old and New Testaments. “Covenants” would better express the meaning. The two great divisions of the Bible contain God’s covenants with man.
6. God’s Word. So called because the Bible expresses God’s thought toward man.
7. The Canon. “Canon” means a rule or standard, and was in early Christian times applied to the Creed: it also meant a list, and the “canonical” books were those included in the recognized list of the Church’s books.
Bible, Statistics of the.
 
 
Old Testament
New Testament
Whole Bible
 
Number of books
39
27
66
 
Number of chapters
929
260
1,189
 
Number of verses
23,214
7,959
31,173
 
Number of words
592,439
181,253
773,692
 
Number of letters
2,728,100
838,380
3,566,480
 
Middle book
Proverbs
2 Thessalonians
Micah and Nahum
 
Middle chapter
Job 29
Romans 13-14
Psalm 117
 
Middle verse
2 Chronicles 20:17
Acts 17:17
Psalm 118:8
 
Least book
Obadiah
3 John
3 John
 
Least verse
1 Chronicles 1:1
John 11:35
John 11:35
These facts were ascertained by a gentleman in 1718, and also by an English gentleman, at Amsterdam, in 1772. The investigation is said to have taken each gentleman three years.
his answers to Job. Job 8; 18; 25.
Birds. Psa. 11:1; 104:17; 124:71<<To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.>> In the Lord put I my trust: how say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain? (Psalm 11:1)
17Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house. (Psalm 104:17)
7Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken, and we are escaped. (Psalm 124:7); Prov. 1:17; 6:517Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird. (Proverbs 1:17)
5Deliver thyself as a roe from the hand of the hunter, and as a bird from the hand of the fowler. (Proverbs 6:5), etc.; Eccl. 10:2020Curse not the king, no not in thy thought; and curse not the rich in thy bedchamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, and that which hath wings shall tell the matter. (Ecclesiastes 10:20); Jer. 12:99Mine heritage is unto me as a speckled bird, the birds round about are against her; come ye, assemble all the beasts of the field, come to devour. (Jeremiah 12:9); Amos 3:55Can a bird fall in a snare upon the earth, where no gin is for him? shall one take up a snare from the earth, and have taken nothing at all? (Amos 3:5); Matt. 8:2020And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. (Matthew 8:20); Rev. 18:2; 2:242And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird. (Revelation 18:2)
24But unto you I say, and unto the rest in Thyatira, as many as have not this doctrine, and which have not known the depths of Satan, as they speak; I will put upon you none other burden. (Revelation 2:24).
Birds Found in Palestine; References to those named in scripture under each name.
There are about 350 kinds of birds to be found in Palestine. The following are some of the most interesting:
Bat.
Bee-eater.
Bittern.
Blackbird.
Blackcap.
Blue Jay.
Bulbul.
Chat.
Cock.
Cormorant.
Corn-Bunting.
Crane.
Crow.
Cuckoo.
Dove.
Ducks.
Dunlin.
Eagle.
Fowl, Fatted.
Gier-Eagle.
Glede.
Goldfinch.
Grakle.
Grouse.
Harrier.
Hawk.
Hawk, Night.
Hen.
Heron.
Hoopoe.
Jay.
Kestrel.
Kingfisher.
Kite.
Lapwing.
Lark.
Magpie.
Nightingale.
Nightjar.
Nuthatch.
Osprey.
Ossifrage.
Ostrich.
Owl.
Owl, Great.
Owl, Little.
Owl of Desert.
Owl, Screech.
Partridge.
Peacock.
Pelican.
Pigeon.
Plover.
Quail.
Raven.
Redstart.
Robin.
Sand-grouse.
Sandpiper.
Shrike.
Sparrow.
Starling.
Stork.
Sunbird.
Swallow.
Swan.
Swift.
Thrush.
Tit, Great.
Turtledove.
Vulture.
Wagtail.
Water-rail.
Bitumen. Gen. 11:33And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. (Genesis 11:3). Heb. Ḥêmâr; Gk. ἄσφαλτος. A kind of asphalt. A.V. “slime”; R.V. marg. “bitumen.”
Blaspheme; originally means simply “to speak insultingly” but is also technically applied in O.T. and N.T. to the special sin of serious profanity.
See Ex. 20:77Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. (Exodus 20:7); Psa. 74:1818Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O Lord, and that the foolish people have blasphemed thy name. (Psalm 74:18); Isa. 52:55Now therefore, what have I here, saith the Lord, that my people is taken away for nought? they that rule over them make them to howl, saith the Lord; and my name continually every day is blasphemed. (Isaiah 52:5); Ezek. 20:27; 35:1227Therefore, son of man, speak unto the house of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God; Yet in this your fathers have blasphemed me, in that they have committed a trespass against me. (Ezekiel 20:27)
12And thou shalt know that I am the Lord, and that I have heard all thy blasphemies which thou hast spoken against the mountains of Israel, saying, They are laid desolate, they are given us to consume. (Ezekiel 35:12); Matt. 15:1919For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: (Matthew 15:19); Luke 22:6666And as soon as it was day, the elders of the people and the chief priests and the scribes came together, and led him into their council, saying, (Luke 22:66); Col. 3:88But now ye also put off all these; anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication out of your mouth. (Colossians 3:8); Rev. 2:9; 13:5-6; 16:99I know thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan. (Revelation 2:9)
5And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months. 6And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven. (Revelation 13:5‑6)
9And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of God, which hath power over these plagues: and they repented not to give him glory. (Revelation 16:9).
See Gen. 12:3; 39:53And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed. (Genesis 12:3)
5And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, that the Lord blessed the Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake; and the blessing of the Lord was upon all that he had in the house, and in the field. (Genesis 39:5); Psa. 1:1; 65:4; 84:4-5; 112:11Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. (Psalm 1:1)
4Blessed is the man whom thou choosest, and causest to approach unto thee, that he may dwell in thy courts: we shall be satisfied with the goodness of thy house, even of thy holy temple. (Psalm 65:4)
4Blessed are they that dwell in thy house: they will be still praising thee. Selah. 5Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are the ways of them. (Psalm 84:4‑5)
1Praise ye the Lord. Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord, that delighteth greatly in his commandments. (Psalm 112:1); Isa. 30:1818And therefore will the Lord wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you: for the Lord is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait for him. (Isaiah 30:18); Matt. 5:3-11; 25:343Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. 5Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. 6Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled. 7Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. 8Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. 9Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. 10Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 11Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. (Matthew 5:3‑11)
34Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: (Matthew 25:34); Luke 6:21; 12:37; 14:1521Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh. (Luke 6:21)
37Blessed are those servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall find watching: verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and make them to sit down to meat, and will come forth and serve them. (Luke 12:37)
15And when one of them that sat at meat with him heard these things, he said unto him, Blessed is he that shall eat bread in the kingdom of God. (Luke 14:15); Rom. 4:6,96Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, (Romans 4:6)
9Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. (Romans 4:9).
the twelve tribes by Moses, Deut. 33.
Blessing of Jacob, A poetical and prophetic description of the characteristics and history of the twelve tribes. Gen. 49:1-271And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. 2Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your father. 3Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power: 4Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch. 5Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations. 6O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honor, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. 7Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. 8Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee. 9Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up? 10The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. 11Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: 12His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk. 13Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon. 14Issachar is a strong ass couching down between two burdens: 15And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute. 16Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. 17Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. 18I have waited for thy salvation, O Lord. 19Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last. 20Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties. 21Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words. 22Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall: 23The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him: 24But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:) 25Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb: 26The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren. 27Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil. (Genesis 49:1‑27).
Blessing of Moses. A poetical review of the twelve tribes put into the mouth of Moses, in which the tribes:; of Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh) are glorified and Judah regarded as separatist. Deut. 33.
SPIRITUAL. Psa. 82:55They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course. (Psalm 82:5); Isa. 56:10; 59:910His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. (Isaiah 56:10)
9Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in darkness. (Isaiah 59:9); Matt. 6:23; 15:14; 23:1623But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness! (Matthew 6:23)
14Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. (Matthew 15:14)
16Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor! (Matthew 23:16); John 1:5; 3:19; 9:395And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. (John 1:5)
19And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. (John 3:19)
39And Jesus said, For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind. (John 9:39); 1 Cor. 2:1414But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned. (1 Corinthians 2:14); 2 Peter 1:99But he that lacketh these things is blind, and cannot see afar off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins. (2 Peter 1:9); 1 John 2:99He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his brother, is in darkness even until now. (1 John 2:9); Rev. 3:1717Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked: (Revelation 3:17).
judicially inflicted. Deut. 28:2828The Lord shall smite thee with madness, and blindness, and astonishment of heart: (Deuteronomy 28:28); Psa. 69:2323Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake. (Psalm 69:23); Isa. 6:9; 44:189And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not. (Isaiah 6:9)
18They have not known nor understood: for he hath shut their eyes, that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand. (Isaiah 44:18); Zech. 12:44In that day, saith the Lord, I will smite every horse with astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open mine eyes upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the people with blindness. (Zechariah 12:4); Matt. 13:1313Therefore speak I to them in parables: because they seeing see not; and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand. (Matthew 13:13); John 12:4040He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. (John 12:40); Acts 28:2626Saying, Go unto this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and not perceive: (Acts 28:26); Rom. 11:77What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded (Romans 11:7); 2 Cor. 3:14; 4:414But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ. (2 Corinthians 3:14)
4In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them. (2 Corinthians 4:4).
removed by Christ. Isa. 9:2; 42:72The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. (Isaiah 9:2)
7To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house. (Isaiah 42:7); Luke 4:1818The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, (Luke 4:18); John 8:12; 9:3912Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life. (John 8:12)
39And Jesus said, For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind. (John 9:39); 2 Cor. 3:14; 4:614But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ. (2 Corinthians 3:14)
6For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. (2 Corinthians 4:6); Eph. 5:88For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light: (Ephesians 5:8); Col. 1:1313Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son: (Colossians 1:13); 1 Thess. 5:44But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief. (1 Thessalonians 5:4); 1 Peter 2:99But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should show forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light: (1 Peter 2:9).
shedding of human, forbidden. Gen. 9:5-65And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man's brother will I require the life of man. 6Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man. (Genesis 9:5‑6); Deut. 21:1-91If one be found slain in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him: 2Then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is slain: 3And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke; 4And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer's neck there in the valley: 5And the priests the sons of Levi shall come near; for them the Lord thy God hath chosen to minister unto him, and to bless in the name of the Lord; and by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried: 6And all the elders of that city, that are next unto the slain man, shall wash their hands over the heifer that is beheaded in the valley: 7And they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it. 8Be merciful, O Lord, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them. 9So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the Lord. (Deuteronomy 21:1‑9); Psa. 106:3838And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and the land was polluted with blood. (Psalm 106:38); Prov. 6:16-1716These six things doth the Lord hate: yea, seven are an abomination unto him: 17A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood, (Proverbs 6:16‑17); Isa. 59:33For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered perverseness. (Isaiah 59:3); Jer. 22:1717But thine eyes and thine heart are not but for thy covetousness, and for to shed innocent blood, and for oppression, and for violence, to do it. (Jeremiah 22:17); Ezek. 22:44Thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed; and hast defiled thyself in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years: therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the heathen, and a mocking to all countries. (Ezekiel 22:4); Matt. 27:66And the chief priests took the silver pieces, and said, It is not lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood. (Matthew 27:6).
of legal sacrifices. Ex. 23:18; 29:12; 30:10; 34:2518Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of my sacrifice remain until the morning. (Exodus 23:18)
12And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar. (Exodus 29:12)
10And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the Lord. (Exodus 30:10)
25Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning. (Exodus 34:25); Lev. 4:7; 17:117And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the Lord, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. (Leviticus 4:7)
11For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. (Leviticus 17:11); Heb. 9:13,19-22; 10:413For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: (Hebrews 9:13)
19For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people, 20Saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you. 21Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. 22And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. (Hebrews 9:19‑22)
4For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. (Hebrews 10:4).
redemption by. Eph. 1:77In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace; (Ephesians 1:7); Col. 1:2020And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven. (Colossians 1:20); Heb. 10:19; 12:2419Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, (Hebrews 10:19)
24And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel. (Hebrews 12:24); 1 Peter 1:22Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied. (1 Peter 1:2); 1 John 1:77But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin. (1 John 1:7); Rev. 1:5; 5:9; 12:115And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, (Revelation 1:5)
9And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; (Revelation 5:9)
11And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death. (Revelation 12:11).
Boasting, deprecated. 1 Kings 20:1111And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell him, Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. (1 Kings 20:11); Psa. 49:6; 52:1; 94:46They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches; (Psalm 49:6)
1<<To the chief Musician, Maschil, A Psalm of David, when Doeg the Edomite came and told Saul, and said unto him, David is come to the house of Ahimelech.>> Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man? the goodness of God endureth continually. (Psalm 52:1)
4How long shall they utter and speak hard things? and all the workers of iniquity boast themselves? (Psalm 94:4); Prov. 20:14; 25:14; 27:114It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone his way, then he boasteth. (Proverbs 20:14)
14Whoso boasteth himself of a false gift is like clouds and wind without rain. (Proverbs 25:14)
1Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth. (Proverbs 27:1); Isa. 10:1515Shall the axe boast itself against him that heweth therewith? or shall the saw magnify itself against him that shaketh it? as if the rod should shake itself against them that lift it up, or as if the staff should lift up itself, as if it were no wood. (Isaiah 10:15); Rom. 1:30; 11:1830Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, (Romans 1:30)
18Boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee. (Romans 11:18); 2 Cor. 10:1111Let such an one think this, that, such as we are in word by letters when we are absent, such will we be also in deed when we are present. (2 Corinthians 10:11); James 3:5; 4:165Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth! (James 3:5)
16But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil. (James 4:16).
Boaz, bō′-ăz, “fleetness.”
SPIRITUAL. John 8:33-3433They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free? 34Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. (John 8:33‑34); Acts 8:2323For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity. (Acts 8:23); Rom. 6:16; 7:23; 8:216Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness? (Romans 6:16)
23But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. (Romans 7:23)
2For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death. (Romans 8:2); Gal. 2:4; 4:3; 5:14And that because of false brethren unawares brought in, who came in privily to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage: (Galatians 2:4)
3Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world: (Galatians 4:3)
1Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage. (Galatians 5:1); 1 Tim. 3:77Moreover he must have a good report of them which are without; lest he fall into reproach and the snare of the devil. (1 Timothy 3:7); 2 Tim. 2:2626And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will. (2 Timothy 2:26); Heb. 2:14-1514Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; 15And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. (Hebrews 2:14‑15); 2 Peter 2:1919While they promise them liberty, they themselves are the servants of corruption: for of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage. (2 Peter 2:19).
Bondmaid; a female slave.
vision of the dry bones. Ezek. 37.
Phil. 4:33And I entreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which labored with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlaborers, whose names are in the book of life. (Philippians 4:3); Rev. 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12; 21:27; 22:195He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment; and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels. (Revelation 3:5)
8And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. (Revelation 13:8)
8The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is. (Revelation 17:8)
12And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. (Revelation 20:12)
27And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life. (Revelation 21:27)
19And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (Revelation 22:19): b. of life.
Book, of Life. Ex. 32:3232Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written. (Exodus 32:32); Psa. 69:2828Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be written with the righteous. (Psalm 69:28); Dan. 12:11And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. (Daniel 12:1); Phil. 4:33And I entreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which labored with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlaborers, whose names are in the book of life. (Philippians 4:3); Rev. 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 21:27; 22:195He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment; and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels. (Revelation 3:5)
8And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. (Revelation 13:8)
8The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is. (Revelation 17:8)
27And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life. (Revelation 21:27)
19And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (Revelation 22:19).
Books; The ancient Babylonian books were clay cylinders or tablets. The Egyptians wrote on papyrus. Hebrew books were anciently written upon prepared skins of sheep, goats, etc., attached to a roller, upon which they were rolled tightly. The N.T. books were undoubtedly written on papyrus rolls. (St. Paul’s “parchments” may have been rough notes, 2 Tim. 4:1313The cloke that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee, and the books, but especially the parchments. (2 Timothy 4:13).) In the 4th century A.D. parchment books were taking the place of papyrus rolls. See Ex. 17:1414And the Lord said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. (Exodus 17:14); 1 Sam. 10:2525Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the Lord. And Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house. (1 Samuel 10:25); Eccl. 12:1212And further, by these, my son, be admonished: of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh. (Ecclesiastes 12:12); Dan. 9:22In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. (Daniel 9:2); John 21:2525And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen. (John 21:25); 2 Tim. 4:1313The cloke that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee, and the books, but especially the parchments. (2 Timothy 4:13).
Bosor, bō′-sôr; Greek and Aramaic form of BEOR.
Botany of the Bible; A noted scientist says of Palestine, “There is not another spot on earth where so much of nature is focussed as in this little corner. You have Alpine cold and torrid heat. Here are all the animals, birds, insects, plants, shells, rocks, of all zones.”
The plants mentioned in the Bible are as follows.
See each under its own name.
N. B.—The names to which an asterisk (*) is prefixed do not occur in the A.V., but the trees, plants, etc., are supposed to be indicated by the original text.
Algum, Almug.
Almond.
Aloes.
Anise.
Apple.
Ash Cedar.
Balm, Balsam.
Barley.
Bay tree.
Bdellium.
Bean.
Box.
Bramble.
Brier.
Bulrush Cummin.
Bush, Burning.
Calamus.
Camphire.
Cane, Sweet.
Caper.
Cassia.
Chestnut.
Cinnamon.
*Citron.
Cockle.
Coriander.
Corn.
*Cotton.
Cucumber.
Cypress.
Desire.
*Dill.
Dove’s Dung.
Ebony.
Elm.
Fig tree.
Fir.
Fitches.
Flag.
Flax.
Frankincense.
Galbanum.
Gall.
Garlick.
Gopher.
Gourd.
Grass.
Grove.
Hay.
Hazel.
Heath Nettles.
Hemlock.
Herb.
Husks.
Hyssop.
Juniper.
*Ladanum.
Leeks.
Lentiles.
Lily.
Mallow.
Mandrake.
Manna.
*Mastick tree.
Melons.
Millet.
Mint.
Mulberry.
Mustard.
Myrrh.
Myrtle.
Nard.
Nuts.
Oak.
Oil tree.
Olive.
Onions.
Palm tree.
Pannag.
Pine tree.
Pomegranate.
Poplar.
Pulse.
Reed.
Rose.
Rue.
Rush Willow.
Rye.
Saffron.
Seaweed.
Shittah tree.
Shittim wood.
Soap.
Sodem, Vine of.
Spelt.
Spicery.
Spikenard.
Stacte.
Sycamine.
Sycomore.
Tares.
Teil.
Thick trees.
Thistle.
Thorn.
Thyine wood.
Vine.
Wheat.
With.
Wormwood.
Bow and arrows; The bow was used both for hunting and war. The tribe of Benjamin was especially noted for its archers. The arrows were made of cane or polished wood, with heads of iron, copper, or stone. Gen. 48:2222Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow. (Genesis 48:22); Josh. 24:1212And I sent the hornet before you, which drave them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with thy sword, nor with thy bow. (Joshua 24:12); 1 Sam. 18:44And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle. (1 Samuel 18:4); 2 Sam. 1:18,2218(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.) (2 Samuel 1:18)
22From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. (2 Samuel 1:22); 1 Kings 22:3434And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: wherefore he said unto the driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am wounded. (1 Kings 22:34); 2 Kings 9:2424And Jehu drew a bow with his full strength, and smote Jehoram between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot. (2 Kings 9:24); 1 Chron. 5:1818The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war. (1 Chronicles 5:18); Job 6:44For the arrows of the Almighty are within me, the poison whereof drinketh up my spirit: the terrors of God do set themselves in array against me. (Job 6:4); Psa. 44:6; 78:576For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me. (Psalm 44:6)
57But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow. (Psalm 78:57); Jer. 49:3535Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might. (Jeremiah 49:35); Hos. 7:1616They return, but not to the most High: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt. (Hosea 7:16); Rev. 6:22And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer. (Revelation 6:2).
Bowels; compassionate feelings, affections.
Bozkath, bŏz′-kăth; same as BOSCATH. Josh. 15:3939Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon, (Joshua 15:39).
Bozrah, bŏz′-răh, “sheepfold” or “fortress.”
Matt. 14:19; 15:36; 26:2619And he commanded the multitude to sit down on the grass, and took the five loaves, and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, and brake, and gave the loaves to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitude. (Matthew 14:19)
36And he took the seven loaves and the fishes, and gave thanks, and brake them, and gave to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitude. (Matthew 15:36)
26And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. (Matthew 26:26); Mark 6:41; 8:6; 14:2241And when he had taken the five loaves and the two fishes, he looked up to heaven, and blessed, and brake the loaves, and gave them to his disciples to set before them; and the two fishes divided he among them all. (Mark 6:41)
6And he commanded the people to sit down on the ground: and he took the seven loaves, and gave thanks, and brake, and gave to his disciples to set before them; and they did set them before the people. (Mark 8:6)
22And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. (Mark 14:22); Luke 9:16; 22:19; 24:3016Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude. (Luke 9:16)
19And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. (Luke 22:19)
30And it came to pass, as he sat at meat with them, he took bread, and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them. (Luke 24:30); 1 Cor. 11:2424And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. (1 Corinthians 11:24): blessed and b.
Bramble; Brier; Thistle; Thorn; (Judg. 9:1414Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, and reign over us. (Judges 9:14)) Heb. Atâd; Gk. ῥάμνος.
These Hebrew and Greek words are not the names of particular species of plants, but general terms applied to spine-bearing plants. The Heb. word Barkonim (Judg. 8:7,167And Gideon said, Therefore when the Lord hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers. (Judges 8:7)
16And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth. (Judges 8:16)), translated “briers,” was probably a sharp-toothed threshing instrument, or a plant used as such.
Bread; was principally in the form of thin cakes, baked upon the hearth or in the oven; those eaten by the poor were made of barley-meal, with oil instead of butter. They were leavened or unleavened, and kneaded in a trough.
 
3
2
1
 
Emerald
Topaz
Ruby
or Sardius
 
6
5
4
 
Sardonyx
(Diamond, A.V.)
Sapphire
Carbuncle
 
9
8
7
 
Amethyst
Agate
Amber
or Jacinth
 
12
11
10
 
Jasper
Beryl
Chalcedony
or Chrysolite
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brethren, duty of, towards each other. Gen. 13:88And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen; for we be brethren. (Genesis 13:8); Deut. 15:7; 24:147If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren within any of thy gates in thy land which the Lord thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor brother: (Deuteronomy 15:7)
14Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates: (Deuteronomy 24:14); Psa. 135:88Who smote the firstborn of Egypt, both of man and beast. (Psalm 135:8); Matt. 5:22; 18:15,21; 25:4022But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. (Matthew 5:22)
15Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. (Matthew 18:15)
21Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? (Matthew 18:21)
40And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. (Matthew 25:40); John 13:34; 15:1234A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another. (John 13:34)
12This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you. (John 15:12), etc.; Rom. 12:1010Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honor preferring one another; (Romans 12:10); 1 Cor. 6; 1 Cor. 8:1313Wherefore, if meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend. (1 Corinthians 8:13); Gal. 6:11Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted. (Galatians 6:1); 1 Thess. 4:99But as touching brotherly love ye need not that I write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another. (1 Thessalonians 4:9); 2 Thess. 3:1515Yet count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. (2 Thessalonians 3:15); Heb. 13:11Let brotherly love continue. (Hebrews 13:1); 1 Peter 1:22; 3:822Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently: (1 Peter 1:22)
8Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another, love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous: (1 Peter 3:8); 2 Peter 1:77And to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. (2 Peter 1:7); 1 John 2:9; 3:179He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his brother, is in darkness even until now. (1 John 2:9)
17But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him? (1 John 3:17).
Brickle, easily broken, brittle. Wisd. 15:13.
Brier. See BRAMBLE.
Broidered; embroidered.
Bul; bûl
Bulrush; Heb. Gômé; Gk. θίβη, πάπυρος βίβλινος and ἔλος; Bot. N. Cyperus papyrus. R.V. marg. papyrus.
Six Hebrew words are used of rushes, and are translated somewhat indiscriminately.
(1) Gômé (A.V. bulrush and rush), the material of Moses’ ark, which grew in miry places. The famous papyrus. It has a triangular stem, eight to ten feet high, ending in a bushy top of slender leaves, among which the seeds are produced.
(5) (Isa. 9:14; 19:1514Therefore the Lord will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day. (Isaiah 9:14)
15Neither shall there be any work for Egypt, which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do. (Isaiah 19:15)). Heb. Agmôn (paraphrased in LXX); Gk. κάλαμος; Bot. N. Arundo phragmites. Probably the common reed of Egypt and Palestine, a tall thin cane, twelve feet high, with a bushy blossom, bending before the wind and rising again—the “reed shaken with the wind” (Matt. 11:77And as they departed, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken with the wind? (Matthew 11:7)).
Bulwark; a fortification.
Burial, want of, a calamity. Deut. 28; Psa. 79:22The dead bodies of thy servants have they given to be meat unto the fowls of the heaven, the flesh of thy saints unto the beasts of the earth. (Psalm 79:2); Eccl. 6:33If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he. (Ecclesiastes 6:3); Isa. 14:1919But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcase trodden under feet. (Isaiah 14:19); Jer. 7:33; 16:4; 25:33; 34:2033And the carcases of this people shall be meat for the fowls of the heaven, and for the beasts of the earth; and none shall fray them away. (Jeremiah 7:33)
4They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented; neither shall they be buried; but they shall be as dung upon the face of the earth: and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcases shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth. (Jeremiah 16:4)
33And the slain of the Lord shall be at that day from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the ground. (Jeremiah 25:33)
20I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life: and their dead bodies shall be for meat unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth. (Jeremiah 34:20).
Jacob, Gen. 50.
Burnt offerings, law concerning. Lev. 1; Lev. 6:88And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, (Leviticus 6:8).
illustrations of. Gen. 8:20; 22:1320And Noah builded an altar unto the Lord; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. (Genesis 8:20)
13And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son. (Genesis 22:13); Ex. 18:1212And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God. (Exodus 18:12); 1 Sam. 7:99And Samuel took a sucking lamb, and offered it for a burnt offering wholly unto the Lord: and Samuel cried unto the Lord for Israel; and the Lord heard him. (1 Samuel 7:9); Ezra 3:44They kept also the feast of tabernacles, as it is written, and offered the daily burnt offerings by number, according to the custom, as the duty of every day required; (Ezra 3:4); Job 1:55And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually. (Job 1:5). See Psa. 40:6; 51:196Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. (Psalm 40:6)
19Then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifices of righteousness, with burnt offering and whole burnt offering: then shall they offer bullocks upon thine altar. (Psalm 51:19); Isa. 40:1616And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt offering. (Isaiah 40:16); Heb. 10:1616This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them; (Hebrews 10:16).
Butler; or Cup-bearer (botler) one who offers wines and drinks at the meals of the rich. A responsible officer in royal households (Gen. 40:1-21; 41:91And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker had offended their lord the king of Egypt. 2And Pharaoh was wroth against two of his officers, against the chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers. 3And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph was bound. 4And the captain of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he served them: and they continued a season in ward. 5And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream in one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, which were bound in the prison. 6And Joseph came in unto them in the morning, and looked upon them, and, behold, they were sad. 7And he asked Pharaoh's officers that were with him in the ward of his lord's house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sadly to day? 8And they said unto him, We have dreamed a dream, and there is no interpreter of it. And Joseph said unto them, Do not interpretations belong to God? tell me them, I pray you. 9And the chief butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, In my dream, behold, a vine was before me; 10And in the vine were three branches: and it was as though it budded, and her blossoms shot forth; and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe grapes: 11And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. 12And Joseph said unto him, This is the interpretation of it: The three branches are three days: 13Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place: and thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand, after the former manner when thou wast his butler. 14But think on me when it shall be well with thee, and show kindness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention of me unto Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house: 15For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon. 16When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said unto Joseph, I also was in my dream, and, behold, I had three white baskets on my head: 17And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. 18And Joseph answered and said, This is the interpretation thereof: The three baskets are three days: 19Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee. 20And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants. 21And he restored the chief butler unto his butlership again; and he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand: (Genesis 40:1‑21)
9Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day: (Genesis 41:9); Neh. 1:1111O Lord, I beseech thee, let now thine ear be attentive to the prayer of thy servant, and to the prayer of thy servants, who desire to fear thy name: and prosper, I pray thee, thy servant this day, and grant him mercy in the sight of this man. For I was the king's cupbearer. (Nehemiah 1:11)).
Butter; The Hebrews were ignorant of the art of churning butter; but they made a kind of clotted cream by subjecting new milk to fermentation, which imparted to it a pleasant acid flavour somewhat resembling that of lemon cream. This was probably the butter in a “lordly dish” which Jael brought to Sisera, when she had “opened a bottle of milk” (Judg. 4:19; 5:2519And he said unto her, Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink; for I am thirsty. And she opened a bottle of milk, and gave him drink, and covered him. (Judges 4:19)
25He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish. (Judges 5:25)).
Byword; a proverb.