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Romans 5

Rom. 5:13 KJV (With Strong’s)

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13
(For
gar (Greek #1063)
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
KJV usage: and, as, because (that), but, even, for, indeed, no doubt, seeing, then, therefore, verily, what, why, yet.
Pronounce: gar
Origin: a primary particle
until
achri (Greek #891)
akin to 206 (through the idea of a terminus); (of time) until or (of place) up to
KJV usage: as far as, for, in(-to), till, (even, un-)to, until, while. Compare 3360.
Pronounce: akh'-ree
Origin: or ἄχρις (akh'-rece)
the law
nomos (Greek #3551)
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle)
KJV usage: law.
Pronounce: nom'-os
Origin: from a primary νέμω (to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals)
sin
hamartia (Greek #266)
a sin (properly abstract)
KJV usage: offence, sin(-ful).
Pronounce: ham-ar-tee'-ah
Origin: from 264
was
en (Greek #2258)
I (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
KJV usage: + agree, be, X have (+ charge of), hold, use, was(-t), were.
Pronounce: ane
Origin: imperfect of 1510
in
en (Greek #1722)
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
KJV usage: about, after, against, + almost, X altogether, among, X as, at, before, between, (here-)by (+ all means), for (... sake of), + give self wholly to, (here-)in(-to, -wardly), X mightily, (because) of, (up-)on, (open-)ly, X outwardly, one, X quickly, X shortly, (speedi-)ly, X that, X there(-in, -on), through(-out), (un-)to(-ward), under, when, where(-with), while, with(-in). Often used in compounds, with substantially the same import; rarely with verbs of motion, and then not to indicate direction, except (elliptically) by a separate (and different) preposition.
Pronounce: en
Origin: a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (medially or constructively), i.e. a relation of rest (intermediate between 1519 and 1537)
the world
kosmos (Greek #2889)
orderly arrangement, i.e. decoration; by implication, the world (in a wide or narrow sense, including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
KJV usage: adorning, world.
Pronounce: kos'-mos
Origin: probably from the base of 2865
: but
de (Greek #1161)
but, and, etc.
KJV usage: also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
Pronounce: deh
Origin: a primary particle (adversative or continuative)
sin
hamartia (Greek #266)
a sin (properly abstract)
KJV usage: offence, sin(-ful).
Pronounce: ham-ar-tee'-ah
Origin: from 264
is
ellogeo (Greek #1677)
to reckon in, i.e. attribute
KJV usage: impute, put on account.
Pronounce: el-log-eh'-o
Origin: from 1722 and 3056 (in the sense of account)
not
ou (Greek #3756)
the absolute negative (compare 3361) adverb; no or not
KJV usage: + long, nay, neither, never, no (X man), none, (can-)not, + nothing, + special, un(-worthy), when, + without, + yet but. See also 3364, 3372.
Pronounce: oo
Origin: οὐκ (ook), and (before an aspirate) οὐχ (ookh) a primary word
k imputed
ellogeo (Greek #1677)
to reckon in, i.e. attribute
KJV usage: impute, put on account.
Pronounce: el-log-eh'-o
Origin: from 1722 and 3056 (in the sense of account)
when there is
on (Greek #5607)
and the neuter ὄν (on) present participle of 1510; being
KJV usage: be, come, have.
Pronounce: oan
Origin: οὖσα (oo'-sah)
no
me (Greek #3361)
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas 3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
KJV usage: any but (that), X forbear, + God forbid, + lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not, nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in substantially the same relations. See also 3362, 3363, 3364, 3372, 3373, 3375, 3378.
Pronounce: may
Origin: a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas 3756 expresses an absolute denial)
law
nomos (Greek #3551)
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle)
KJV usage: law.
Pronounce: nom'-os
Origin: from a primary νέμω (to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals)
.
k
Rom. 4:15• 15Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression. (Rom. 4:15)
;
1 John 3:4• 4Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law. (1 John 3:4)

More on:

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Law,
Sin,
The World,
To Impute

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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until.
Gen. 4:7‑11• 7If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.
 8And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.
 9And the Lord said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: Am I my brother's keeper?
 10And he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the ground.
 11And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand; (Gen. 4:7‑11)
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Gen. 6:5‑6,11• 5And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
 6And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.
 11The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. (Gen. 6:5‑6,11)
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Gen. 8:21• 21And the Lord smelled a sweet savor; and the Lord said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake; for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have done. (Gen. 8:21)
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Gen. 13:13• 13But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the Lord exceedingly. (Gen. 13:13)
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Gen. 18:20• 20And the Lord said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous; (Gen. 18:20)
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Gen. 19:4,32,36• 4But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter:
 32Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
 36Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father. (Gen. 19:4,32,36)
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Gen. 38:7,10• 7And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord slew him.
 10And the thing which he did displeased the Lord: wherefore he slew him also. (Gen. 38:7,10)
but sin.
Rom. 4:15• 15Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression. (Rom. 4:15)
;
1 Cor. 15:56• 56The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law. (1 Cor. 15:56)
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1 John 3:4,14• 4Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law.
 14We know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren. He that loveth not his brother abideth in death. (1 John 3:4,14)
• Sin was in the world before the law. Nor did the law add much to the advantage of man’s condition; it definitively imputed his sin to him by giving him knowledge of it and forbidding it. (“Romans 5:12-21” by J.N. Darby)
• The word “imputed” in this passage (ch. 5:13) is not the same as righteousness imputed, or faith imputed for righteousness. It means an act (or sum) put to the account of another, not esteeming the person to be such or such. (“Romans 5:12-21” by J.N. Darby)
• In a parenthesis (vss. 13-17), Paul shows that federal headship applies to both Adam and Christ. Each is the head of a race of men, and their actions as such have had a great effect upon their races. (“The Doctrine of DeliveranceFrom Sin: Romans 5:12-7:6” by B. Anstey)
• Just as surely as Adam's "offence" as federal head affected the whole race under him, Christ's "act of favour" as the federal Head of His race has affected all under Him. (“The Doctrine of DeliveranceFrom Sin: Romans 5:12-7:6” by B. Anstey)

J. N. Darby Translation

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13
(for until law sin was in the world; but sin is not put to accountc when there is no law;

JND Translation Notes

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c
This is a different word from that translated "reckoned" in ch. 4.22,23 (both "imputed" in A.V.). There, a man is judicially estimated such or such. here, a particular fault is put to a person's account. The former is found in Gal. 3.6 and 2 Cor. 5.19; this only in Philem. 18.

W. Kelly Translation

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13
(fora until law sin was in [the] world, but no sin is put to account when there is no law;

WK Translation Notes

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a
I am of opinion that the parenthesis of verses 13—17 is rightly marked so as to help the sense, inclusively being one of those full and instructive digressions so characteristic of Paul. Then, we have the general thread resumed with light and force derived from the parenthesis, and this in the most abstract way possible. Verse 18 then is only in allusion to the intervening verses, but in direct reference to verse 12.