The Repentance of God and of Man

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The idea conveyed in this term is of great importance from the fact of its application not only to man but to God, showing how God, in His government of the earth, is pleased to express His own sense of events taking place upon it. This does not clash with His omniscience.
God’s Repentance
There are two senses in which repentance on the part of God is spoken of.
1. As to His own creation or appointment of objects that fail to answer to His glory. He repented that He had made man on the earth and that He had set up Saul as king of Israel (Gen. 6:67; 1 Sam. 15:11,35).
2. As to punishment which He has threatened, or blessing He has promised. When Israel turned from their evil ways and sought God, He often repented of the punishment He had meditated (2 Sam. 24:16). On the other hand, the promises to bless Israel in the land were made conditionally on their obedience, so that God would, if they did evil, turn from or repent of the good that He had said He would do, either to Israel or, in fact, to any nation (Jer. 18:8-108If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them. 9And at what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it; 10If it do evil in my sight, that it obey not my voice, then I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would benefit them. (Jeremiah 18:8‑10)). He would alter the order of His dealings towards them, and as to Israel He said, “I am weary with repenting” (Jer. 15:66Thou hast forsaken me, saith the Lord, thou art gone backward: therefore will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary with repenting. (Jeremiah 15:6)). In all this, the responsibility of man is concerned, as well as the divine government.
But the unconditional promises of God, as made to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, are not subject to repentance. “The gifts and calling of God are without repentance” (Rom. 11:2929For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance. (Romans 11:29)). “God is not a man that He should lie; neither the son of man that He should repent: hath He said, and shall He not do it?” (Num. 23:1919God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good? (Numbers 23:19); 1 Sam. 15:29; Malachi 3:66For I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. (Malachi 3:6)). And this must hold good in regard to every purpose of His will.
Man’s Repentance
As regards man, repentance is the necessary precursor of his experience of grace on the part of God. Two motives for repentance are presented in Scripture: the goodness of God which leads to repentance (Rom. 2:44Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? (Romans 2:4)) and coming judgment, on account of which God now commands all men to repent (Acts 17:3031). It is distinctly of His grace and for His glory that the way of return to Him is granted (Acts 11:1818When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life. (Acts 11:18)), in that He has approached man in grace and by His glad tidings, consequent on His righteousness having been secured in the death of Christ. Hence God’s testimony is “repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ” (Acts 20:2121Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. (Acts 20:21)).
Concise Bible Dictionary