Palestine is not the most ancient, but it is by far the most memorable of all lands, as Jerusalem, its capital, is the most renowned of all cities, and its people the most interesting of all nations. Here the pilgrim fathers of Israel wandered, lived, and died—traversing the country from its northern limit to its southern entrance. This, too, was the goodly land which Moses longed to enter, but which he was only permitted to see, its glories being exhibited to him by its Creator and Beautifier. Into the Holy Land Jehovah led His redeemed host through the dry bed of Jordan. The impetuous torrent was driven back, and stood silent at the presence of the God of Jacob (Psa. 114). What a land of cloud and sky, of darkness and light—a land of abounding evil, and yet of super-abounding grace. What miracles, moral and physical, have been witnessed in the land of Canaan. Here Samson, the Nazarite judge, displayed his strength and personal prowess against the war-like Philistines. David, too, the warrior king of Israel, performed those wonderful exploits which were not only celebrated by the maidens of Judah, but which have been rehearsed in song and story ever since, and his strange eventful life written in tablets which will never perish. Here, too, reigned Solomon, whose glory and wealth, whose wisdom and power were world-wide, and even formed the subject of converse and inquiry in far-distant courts and lands. Here were the sovereigns of Judah and Israel interred, some of whom await the blast of the trump to rise and enter a glory prepared for them by David's Son and Lord; while others, alas! will answer to the voice of Christ at the close of the future earthly era of blessing, and will come forth to the "resurrection of damnation." The pen of the historian and the pencil of the artist have made us familiar with the scenes where Isaiah uttered his grand and comprehensive prophecies, which fill the soul with their grandeur, and which sweep the whole range and extent of the Divine purposes as to the future. Here, too, the weeping prophet, Jeremiah, poured out his lamentations, and for three-and-twenty years ceased not to warn the Judah part of the nation of near judgment. John the Baptist also lifted up his solitary voice in this land, preparing a people for the Messiah and His kingdom. But surely all is eclipsed by the brighter light which shone upon Zion when Jehovah-Jesus entered His country and visited His people. What an undying interest attaches to those cities and towns trod by the feet of the Son of God.
"Thou land of the cross and the glory,
Whose brightness at last will shine
Afar through the earth - What a story
Of darkness and light is thine."
Palestine was anciently regarded as occupying the center of the known world, and certainly its geographical situation is somewhat remarkable. Jerusalem at least occupies a central position in midst of the inhabited world, for "thus saith the Lord God: This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her (Ezek. 5:55Thus saith the Lord God; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her. (Ezekiel 5:5)). Palestine is protected on the north by the Lebanon range of mountains, the summits of which are almost perpetually capped with snow; on the west it is washed by the waters of the Mediterranean; on the south lies Egypt and adjoining desert, the scene of the forty years' wanderings; while on the east from the Jordan stretches out the great Arabian desert to the Euphrates, a distance of about 300 miles. It is difficult to give the exact length of the country in miles, as geographers considerably differ in defining the limits of the land from north to south, and even from west to east; but it has been computed that its extreme length is from 140 to 150 miles or thereby, having an average breadth of about 40 miles, but in some extreme points it is about double that. If the territory east of the Jordan, occupied by the two tribes and a half, be embraced, then the land of Canaan would nearly cover 20,000 square miles.
During the time of our Lord the whole country was divided into three parts, the northern one being Galilee (the intellectual), the middle province being Samaria (the defiled), while the southern portion was Judea (the religious). In the glorious reign of Solomon the country rivaled all the kingdoms of the earth for grandeur. Its population was immense (1 Kings 3:88And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude. (1 Kings 3:8)), its social prosperity great (1 Kings 4:2020Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry. (1 Kings 4:20)), its commerce successful and extensive (1 Kings 9:26-2826And king Solomon made a navy of ships in Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red sea, in the land of Edom. 27And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon. 28And they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and brought it to king Solomon. (1 Kings 9:26‑28)). The treasures and rarities of India were imported into Palestine by a regularly established merchant navy (1 Kings 10:2222For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. (1 Kings 10:22)), and gold and silver were so abundant that the latter was "nothing accounted of" in these palmy days (1 Kings 10:2121And all king Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold; none were of silver: it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon. (1 Kings 10:21)). Soon, however, the fine gold became dim, for what is the glory of man but the flower of grass which withereth and perisheth in a day. Solomon's sins are recounted in first Kings, 1 Kings 1121And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country. (1 Kings 11:21), as also the Divine threat to rend the kingdom in twain (1 Kings 11:12, 1312Notwithstanding in thy days I will not do it for David thy father's sake: but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son. 13Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom; but will give one tribe to thy son for David my servant's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake which I have chosen. (1 Kings 11:12‑13)), which was fulfilled on the accession of his son Rehoboam (1 Kings 1213And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men's counsel that they gave him; (1 Kings 12:13)). Thenceforth, within the limits of the hitherto undivided kingdom, two independent monarchies were established, respectively known as the kingdom of Israel, or tentribed kingdom, first Tizri, afterward Samaria, being the capital; and second, the kingdom of Judah, or tribes of Judah and Benjamin, Jerusalem being as formerly the capital.
The former possession of Canaan was entered upon, held for a brief period, and lost on the ground of the people's obedience (see book of Deuteronomy where the principle is fully stated), but the future entrance into Canaan and lasting possession of the country will be solely on the ground of sovereign grace and unconditional promise made to Abram and the fathers. Thus the future Palestine will stretch from the Nile on the west, across the great Arabian desert till the Euphrates on the east; its northern boundary, too, will be somewhat enlarged (Gen. 15:1818In the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: (Genesis 15:18); Ezek. 4818And the residue in length over against the oblation of the holy portion shall be ten thousand eastward, and ten thousand westward: and it shall be over against the oblation of the holy portion; and the increase thereof shall be for food unto them that serve the city. (Ezekiel 48:18)). This we suppose will increase the country to about three times its present size, if not more. We do not see that a future return of the Jews to their land in unbelief and by the aid of an unnamed maritime power (Isa. 1811Surely the princes of Zoan are fools, the counsel of the wise counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish: how say ye unto Pharaoh, I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings? (Isaiah 19:11)); the greatly increased size of the country as already pointed out; the regular settlement of the tribes after their national conversion, and orderly arrangement in parallel bands across the breadth of the country from west to east-from the Mediterranean to the Euphrates (Ezek. 4818And the residue in length over against the oblation of the holy portion shall be ten thousand eastward, and ten thousand westward: and it shall be over against the oblation of the holy portion; and the increase thereof shall be for food unto them that serve the city. (Ezekiel 48:18)), and the erection of a magnificent temple, constructed according to Divine plan, and of immense size, so as to form an house of prayer for "all people," are statements to be set aside by any system of allegory or figure. Most certainly, no past fulfillment of them can be adduced, and we are convinced, that the more carefully the prophetic Scriptures are read, and their connection with Israel seen, that their future and literal fulfillment must be admitted by all candid and reflecting minds.
The names by which Palestine is spoken of are as follows:-
(1) Canaan, Lev. 14:3434When ye be come into the land of Canaan, which I give to you for a possession, and I put the plague of leprosy in a house of the land of your possession; (Leviticus 14:34); (2) Palestine, so named by the ancients; (3) The Holy Land, Zech. 2:1212And the Lord shall inherit Judah his portion in the holy land, and shall choose Jerusalem again. (Zechariah 2:12); (4) The Lord's Land, Hos. 9:33They shall not dwell in the Lord's land; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean things in Assyria. (Hosea 9:3); (5) Thy Land, O Immanuel, Isa. 8:88And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel. (Isaiah 8:8); (6) Land of Israel, 1 Samuel 13:19; (7) Land of the Hebrews, Gen. 40:1515For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon. (Genesis 40:15); (8) Land of Judah, Isa. 26:11In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah; We have a strong city; salvation will God appoint for walls and bulwarks. (Isaiah 26:1); (9) Land of Promise, Heb. 11:99By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise: (Hebrews 11:9); (10) The Pleasant Land, Dan. 8:99And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed exceeding great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant land. (Daniel 8:9).
Jerusalem, the ancient capital of the kingdom, is named in the Scriptures upwards of 800 times, and although she has suffered more than any city on the face of the earth, having been besieged and pillaged about 20 times, and her present degradation under the Turk is complete, and her restoration humanly impossible, yet, a little while, and Jerusalem will rise from the dust of ages, and become the earthly metropolis and center of the coming era of glory (Isa. 60). This wonderful city—wonderful in its very ruins and sacred associations, will be rebuilt in a style of surpassing magnificence. The whole extent of the "oblation" or holy part of the land lying between the portions assigned to Judah and Benjamin, has been computed to form a square of about fifty miles; within this area, the temple, gardens, and city will be situated, the latter forming a square of about thirty-six miles (Ezek. 48:8-228And by the border of Judah, from the east side unto the west side, shall be the offering which ye shall offer of five and twenty thousand reeds in breadth, and in length as one of the other parts, from the east side unto the west side: and the sanctuary shall be in the midst of it. 9The oblation that ye shall offer unto the Lord shall be of five and twenty thousand in length, and of ten thousand in breadth. 10And for them, even for the priests, shall be this holy oblation; toward the north five and twenty thousand in length, and toward the west ten thousand in breadth, and toward the east ten thousand in breadth, and toward the south five and twenty thousand in length: and the sanctuary of the Lord shall be in the midst thereof. 11It shall be for the priests that are sanctified of the sons of Zadok; which have kept my charge, which went not astray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray. 12And this oblation of the land that is offered shall be unto them a thing most holy by the border of the Levites. 13And over against the border of the priests the Levites shall have five and twenty thousand in length, and ten thousand in breadth: all the length shall be five and twenty thousand, and the breadth ten thousand. 14And they shall not sell of it, neither exchange, nor alienate the firstfruits of the land: for it is holy unto the Lord. 15And the five thousand, that are left in the breadth over against the five and twenty thousand, shall be a profane place for the city, for dwelling, and for suburbs: and the city shall be in the midst thereof. 16And these shall be the measures thereof; the north side four thousand and five hundred, and the south side four thousand and five hundred, and on the east side four thousand and five hundred, and the west side four thousand and five hundred. 17And the suburbs of the city shall be toward the north two hundred and fifty, and toward the south two hundred and fifty, and toward the east two hundred and fifty, and toward the west two hundred and fifty. 18And the residue in length over against the oblation of the holy portion shall be ten thousand eastward, and ten thousand westward: and it shall be over against the oblation of the holy portion; and the increase thereof shall be for food unto them that serve the city. 19And they that serve the city shall serve it out of all the tribes of Israel. 20All the oblation shall be five and twenty thousand by five and twenty thousand: ye shall offer the holy oblation foursquare, with the possession of the city. 21And the residue shall be for the prince, on the one side and on the other of the holy oblation, and of the possession of the city, over against the five and twenty thousand of the oblation toward the east border, and westward over against the five and twenty thousand toward the west border, over against the portions for the prince: and it shall be the holy oblation; and the sanctuary of the house shall be in the midst thereof. 22Moreover from the possession of the Levites, and from the possession of the city, being in the midst of that which is the prince's, between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin, shall be for the prince. (Ezekiel 48:8‑22)). The temple, not on the site of the old one, will be a costly structure, and may be about a mile in length (for these and other particulars, consult the prophet Ezekiel, last nine chapters). Jehovah Shammah, meaning "the Lord is there," will be Jerusalem's new name in the day of her gladness.
We forbear a detailed account of Jerusalem's past and present, as in almost all biblical works of reference this is done, and nothing new can at present be furnished.