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Exodus 1

Ex. 1:14 KJV (With Strong’s)

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14
And they made
marar (Hebrew #4843)
properly, to trickle (see 4752); but used only as a denominative from 4751; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
KJV usage: (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, - ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.
Pronounce: maw-rar'
Origin: a primitive root
their lives
chay (Hebrew #2416)
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively
KJV usage: + age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
Pronounce: khah'-ee
Origin: from 2421
n bitter
marar (Hebrew #4843)
properly, to trickle (see 4752); but used only as a denominative from 4751; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
KJV usage: (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, - ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.
Pronounce: maw-rar'
Origin: a primitive root
with hard
qasheh (Hebrew #7186)
severe (in various applications)
KJV usage: churlish, cruel, grievous, hard((-hearted), thing), heavy, + impudent, obstinate, prevailed, rough(-ly), sore, sorrowful, stiff((necked)), stubborn, + in trouble.
Pronounce: kaw-sheh'
Origin: from 7185
bondage
`abodah (Hebrew #5656)
from 5647; work of any kind
KJV usage: act, bondage, + bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, X wrought.
Pronounce: ab-o-daw'
Origin: or mabowdah {ab-o-daw'}
, in mortar
chomer (Hebrew #2563)
properly, a bubbling up, i.e. of water, a wave; of earth, mire or clay (cement); also a heap; hence, a chomer or dry measure
KJV usage: clay, heap, homer, mire, motion.
Pronounce: kho'mer
Origin: from 2560
, and in brick
lbenah (Hebrew #3843)
a brick (from the whiteness of the clay)
KJV usage: (altar of) brick, tile.
Pronounce: leb-ay-naw'
Origin: from 3835
o, and in all manner of service
`abodah (Hebrew #5656)
from 5647; work of any kind
KJV usage: act, bondage, + bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, X wrought.
Pronounce: ab-o-daw'
Origin: or mabowdah {ab-o-daw'}
in the field
sadeh (Hebrew #7704)
from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat)
KJV usage: country, field, ground, land, soil, X wild.
Pronounce: saw-deh'
Origin: or saday {saw-dah'-ee}
: all their service
`abodah (Hebrew #5656)
from 5647; work of any kind
KJV usage: act, bondage, + bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, X wrought.
Pronounce: ab-o-daw'
Origin: or mabowdah {ab-o-daw'}
, wherein they made them serve
`abad (Hebrew #5647)
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.
KJV usage: X be, keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, execute, + husbandman, keep, labour(-ing man, bring to pass, (cause to, make to) serve(-ing, self), (be, become) servant(-s), do (use) service, till(-er), transgress (from margin), (set a) work, be wrought, worshipper,
Pronounce: aw-bad'
Origin: a primitive root
, was with rigor
perek (Hebrew #6531)
fracture, i.e. severity
KJV usage: cruelty, rigour.
Pronounce: peh'-rek
Origin: from an unused root meaning to break apart
q.
n
Ex. 2:23• 23And it came to pass during those many days, that the king of Egypt died. And the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and cried; and their cry came up to God because of the bondage; (Ex. 2:23)
;
Ex. 6:9• 9And Moses spoke thus to the children of Israel; but they did not listen to Moses from anguish of spirit, and from hard service. (Ex. 6:9)
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Num. 20:15• 15how our fathers went down to Egypt, and we dwelt in Egypt a long time, and the Egyptians evil entreated us and our fathers; (Num. 20:15)
;
Ruth 1:20• 20And she said to them, Call me not Naomi--call me Mara; for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me. (Ruth 1:20)
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Acts 7:19,34• 19*He* dealt subtilly with our race, and evil entreated the fathers, casting out their infants that they might not live.
 34I have surely seen the ill treatment of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groan, and have come down to take them out of it; and now, come, I will send thee to Egypt. (Acts 7:19,34)
o
Psa. 81:6• 6I removed his shoulder from the burden; his hands were freed from the basket. (Psa. 81:6)
;
Nah. 3:14• 14Draw thee water for the siege, strengthen thy fortresses; go into the clay, and tread the mortar, make strong the brick-kiln. (Nah. 3:14)
q
Lev. 25:43• 43Thou shalt not rule over him with rigour; and thou shalt fear thy God. (Lev. 25:43)
;
Isa. 58:6• 6Is not this the fast which I have chosen: to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the thongs of the yoke, and to send forth free the crushed, and that ye break every yoke? (Isa. 58:6)
;
Jer. 50:33• 33Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: The children of Israel and the children of Judah were together oppressed; and all that took them captives held them fast: they refused to let them go. (Jer. 50:33)

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Bondage,
Morter

Cross References

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their lives.
Ex. 2:23• 23And it came to pass during those many days, that the king of Egypt died. And the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and cried; and their cry came up to God because of the bondage; (Ex. 2:23)
;
Ex. 6:9• 9And Moses spoke thus to the children of Israel; but they did not listen to Moses from anguish of spirit, and from hard service. (Ex. 6:9)
;
Gen. 15:13• 13And he said to Abram, Know assuredly that thy seed will be a sojourner in a land that is not theirs, and they shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years. (Gen. 15:13)
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Num. 20:15• 15how our fathers went down to Egypt, and we dwelt in Egypt a long time, and the Egyptians evil entreated us and our fathers; (Num. 20:15)
;
Deut. 4:20• 20But you hath Jehovah taken, and hath brought you forth out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, that ye might be to him a people of inheritance, as it is this day. (Deut. 4:20)
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Deut. 26:6• 6And the Egyptians evil-entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage; (Deut. 26:6)
;
Ruth 1:20• 20And she said to them, Call me not Naomi--call me Mara; for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me. (Ruth 1:20)
;
Acts 7:19,34• 19*He* dealt subtilly with our race, and evil entreated the fathers, casting out their infants that they might not live.
 34I have surely seen the ill treatment of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groan, and have come down to take them out of it; and now, come, I will send thee to Egypt. (Acts 7:19,34)
in mortar.
Psa. 68:13• 13Though ye have lain among the sheepfolds, ye shall be as wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with green gold. (Psa. 68:13)
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Psa. 81:6• 6I removed his shoulder from the burden; his hands were freed from the basket. (Psa. 81:6)
;
Nah. 3:14• 14Draw thee water for the siege, strengthen thy fortresses; go into the clay, and tread the mortar, make strong the brick-kiln. (Nah. 3:14)
was with rigour.
Ex. 1:13• 13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel serve with harshness; (Ex. 1:13)
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Ex. 5:7‑21• 7Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves.
 8And the number of the bricks they have made heretofore shall ye lay upon them: ye shall not diminish any of it, for they are idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God.
 9Let them put heavier labour on the men, that they may be taken up with it, and not regard vain words.
 10And the taskmasters of the people and their officers went out and spoke to the people, saying, Thus says Pharaoh: I will not give you straw:
 11go ye, get yourselves straw where ye may find it; but none of your work shall be diminished.
 12And the people were scattered abroad throughout the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
 13And the taskmasters urged them, saying, Fulfil your labours, the daily work, as when there was straw.
 14And the officers of the children of Israel, whom Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and it was said, Why have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick, both yesterday and to-day, as heretofore?
 15Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried to Pharaoh, saying, Why dost thou deal thus with thy bondmen?
 16There is no straw given to thy bondmen, and they say to us, Make brick; and behold, thy bondmen are beaten, but it is the fault of thy people.
 17And he said, Ye are idle, idle! therefore ye say, Let us go and sacrifice to Jehovah.
 18And now go--work! and straw shall not be given you, and ye shall deliver the measure of bricks.
 19And the officers of the children of Israel saw that it stood ill with them, because it was said, Ye shall not diminish anything from your bricks, the daily work.
 20And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood there to meet them, as they came out from Pharaoh.
 21And they said to them, Jehovah look upon you and judge, that ye have made our odour to stink in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his bondmen, putting a sword into their hand to kill us! (Ex. 5:7‑21)
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Ex. 20:2• 2I am Jehovah thy God, who have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. (Ex. 20:2)
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Lev. 25:43,46,53• 43Thou shalt not rule over him with rigour; and thou shalt fear thy God.
 46And ye shall leave them as an inheritance to your children after you, to inherit them as a possession: these may ye make your bondmen for ever; but as for your brethren, the children of Israel, ye shall not rule over one another with rigour.
 53As a hired servant shall he be with him year by year; his master shall not rule with rigour over him before thine eyes. (Lev. 25:43,46,53)
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Isa. 14:6• 6He that smote the peoples in wrath with a relentless stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted unsparingly. (Isa. 14:6)
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Isa. 51:23• 23and I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; who have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over; and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street to them that went over. (Isa. 51:23)
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Isa. 52:5• 5and now, what have I here, saith Jehovah, that my people hath been taken away for nought? They that rule over them make them to howl, saith Jehovah; and continually all the day is my name scorned. (Isa. 52:5)
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Isa. 58:6• 6Is not this the fast which I have chosen: to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the thongs of the yoke, and to send forth free the crushed, and that ye break every yoke? (Isa. 58:6)
;
Jer. 50:33‑34• 33Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: The children of Israel and the children of Judah were together oppressed; and all that took them captives held them fast: they refused to let them go.
 34Their Redeemer is strong; Jehovah of hosts is his name: he will thoroughly plead their cause, that he may give rest to the land, and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon. (Jer. 50:33‑34)
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Mic. 3:3• 3and who eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them, and break their bones, and chop them in pieces as for the pot, and as flesh within the cauldron. (Mic. 3:3)

J. N. Darby Translation

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14
and they embittered their life with hard labour in clay and bricks, and in all manner of labour in the field: all their labour with which they made them serve was with harshness.